Marx was at this time resident in Paris, then seen as the center of socialist thought. The Manuscripts were composed during the summer of 1844, when Marx was 25 or 26 years old. Their publication greatly altered the reception of Marx by situating his work within a theoretical framework that had until then been unavailable to his followers. They were first released in Berlin in 1932, and in 1933, there followed a republication of this work in the Soviet Union ( Moscow- Leningrad), also in German. The notebooks were compiled in their original German in the Soviet Union by researchers at Moscow's Marx–Engels–Lenin Institute, decades after Marx's death. The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 ( German: Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844), also referred to as the Paris Manuscripts ( Pariser Manuskripte) or as the 1844 Manuscripts, are a series of notes written between April and August 1844 by Karl Marx, published posthumously in 1932.
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